用Windows API实现一个简单的录音程序

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本文介绍如何使用Windows API来录制语音信号兵保存到wave文件中，主要用到三个结构体和几个wave开头的API函数（在Winmm.lib文件中）。其中三个结构体是WAVEFORMATEX、WAVEHDR、MMTIME，其详细定义都在MMSystem.h中定义， 可以转到定义看其详细内容及每一项的英文注释。用到的API函数的详细用法可以参见MSDN： http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd743847(v=vs.85).aspx 详细的使用过程请看下文的源代码，这是一个Win32 Application，需要手动添加Winmm.lib的依赖。

实例程序

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// ******************* FileName: WinMain.cpp *****************************
// 该源程序需要加入到 VC6 的 Win32 Application 的 empty Project 中
// 对于工程的 Link 选项，至少要包含以下库: msvcrt.lib Winmm.lib

#include <stdio.h>
#include <atlstr.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <Mmsystem.h>

#pragma comment(lib,"Winmm.lib")

char lpTemp[256];

DWORD FCC(LPSTR lpStr)
{
  DWORD Number = lpStr[0] + lpStr[1] *0x100 + lpStr[2] *0x10000 + lpStr[3] *0x1000000 ;
  return Number;
}

int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow )
{
  DWORD datasize = 48000;
  
  // 设置录音采样参数
  WAVEFORMATEX waveformat;
  waveformat.wFormatTag=WAVE_FORMAT_PCM; // 指定录音格式
  waveformat.nChannels=1;
  waveformat.nSamplesPerSec=8000;
  waveformat.nBlockAlign=1;
  waveformat.wBitsPerSample=8;
  waveformat.cbSize=0;
  waveformat.nAvgBytesPerSec=waveformat.nChannels*waveformat.nSamplesPerSec*waveformat.wBitsPerSample/8;
  
  sprintf(lpTemp,"WAVEFORMATEX size = %lu", sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX));
  MessageBox(NULL,CString(lpTemp),CString("提示"),MB_OK);

  HWAVEIN m_hWaveIn;
  if ( !waveInGetNumDevs() )
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("没有可以使用的 WaveIn 通道"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }

  // 打开录音设备
  int res = waveInOpen(&m_hWaveIn,WAVE_MAPPER, &waveformat, (DWORD)NULL,0L,CALLBACK_WINDOW);
  if ( res != MMSYSERR_NOERROR )
  {
     sprintf(lpTemp, "打开 waveIn 通道失败，Error_Code = 0x%x", res );
     MessageBox(NULL,CString(lpTemp),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
     return 0;
  }
  
  WAVEHDR m_pWaveHdr;
  m_pWaveHdr.lpData = (char *)GlobalLock( GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE|GMEM_SHARE, datasize) );
  memset(m_pWaveHdr.lpData, 0, datasize );
  m_pWaveHdr.dwBufferLength = datasize;
  m_pWaveHdr.dwBytesRecorded = 0;
  m_pWaveHdr.dwUser = 0;
  m_pWaveHdr.dwFlags = 0;
  m_pWaveHdr.dwLoops = 0;
  sprintf( lpTemp, "WAVEHDR size = %lu", sizeof(WAVEHDR) );
  MessageBox(NULL,CString(lpTemp),CString("提示"),MB_OK);

  // 准备内存块录音
  int resPrepare = waveInPrepareHeader( m_hWaveIn, &m_pWaveHdr, sizeof(WAVEHDR) );
  if ( resPrepare != MMSYSERR_NOERROR)
  {
      sprintf(lpTemp, "不能开辟录音头文件，Error_Code = 0x%03X", resPrepare );
      MessageBox(NULL,CString(lpTemp),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }

  resPrepare = waveInAddBuffer( m_hWaveIn, &m_pWaveHdr, sizeof(WAVEHDR) );
  if ( resPrepare != MMSYSERR_NOERROR)
  {
      sprintf(lpTemp, "不能开辟录音用缓冲，Error_Code = 0x%03X", resPrepare );
      MessageBox(NULL,CString(lpTemp),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }

  if (! waveInStart(m_hWaveIn) )
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("开始录音"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
  }
  else
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("开始录音失败"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }
  Sleep(30000);

  MMTIME mmt;
  mmt.wType = TIME_BYTES;
  sprintf( lpTemp, "sizeof(MMTIME) = %d, sizeof(UINT) = %d", sizeof(MMTIME), sizeof(UINT) );
  MessageBox(NULL,CString(lpTemp),CString("提示"),MB_OK);

  if (! waveInGetPosition(m_hWaveIn, &mmt, sizeof(MMTIME)) )
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("取得现在音频位置"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
  }
  else
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("不能取得音频长度"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }

  if (mmt.wType != TIME_BYTES)
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("指定的 TIME_BYTES 格式音频长度不支持"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }

  if (! waveInStop(m_hWaveIn) )
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("停止录音"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
  }
  else
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("停止录音失败"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
  }
  
  if ( waveInReset(m_hWaveIn) )
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("重置内存区失败"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }

  m_pWaveHdr.dwBytesRecorded = mmt.u.cb;
  DWORD NumToWrite=0;
  DWORD dwNumber = 0;
  HANDLE FileHandle = CreateFile( CString("myTest.wav"), GENERIC_WRITE,
      FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

  // memset(m_pWaveHdr.lpData, 0, datasize);
  dwNumber = FCC("RIFF");
  WriteFile(FileHandle, &dwNumber, 4, &NumToWrite, NULL);
  dwNumber = m_pWaveHdr.dwBytesRecorded + 18 + 20;
  WriteFile(FileHandle, &dwNumber, 4, &NumToWrite, NULL);
  dwNumber = FCC("WAVE");
  WriteFile(FileHandle, &dwNumber, 4, &NumToWrite, NULL);
  dwNumber = FCC("fmt ");
  WriteFile(FileHandle, &dwNumber, 4, &NumToWrite, NULL);
  dwNumber = 18L;
  WriteFile(FileHandle, &dwNumber, 4, &NumToWrite, NULL);
  WriteFile(FileHandle, &waveformat, sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX), &NumToWrite, NULL);
  dwNumber = FCC("data");
  WriteFile(FileHandle, &dwNumber, 4, &NumToWrite, NULL);
  dwNumber = m_pWaveHdr.dwBytesRecorded;
  WriteFile(FileHandle, &dwNumber, 4, &NumToWrite, NULL);
  WriteFile(FileHandle, m_pWaveHdr.lpData, m_pWaveHdr.dwBytesRecorded, &NumToWrite, NULL);
  SetEndOfFile(FileHandle);
  CloseHandle( FileHandle );
  FileHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; // 收尾关闭句柄
  MessageBox(NULL,CString("应该已生成 myTest.wav 文件"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);

  if ( waveInUnprepareHeader(m_hWaveIn, &m_pWaveHdr, sizeof(WAVEHDR)) )
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("Un_Prepare Header 失败"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
  }
  else
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("Un_Prepare Header 成功"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }

  if ( GlobalFree(GlobalHandle( m_pWaveHdr.lpData )) )
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("Global Free 失败"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
  }
  else
  {
      MessageBox(NULL,CString("Global Free 成功"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      return 0;
  }

  if (res == MMSYSERR_NOERROR ) // 关闭录音设备
  {
      if (waveInClose(m_hWaveIn)==MMSYSERR_NOERROR)
      {
          MessageBox(NULL,CString("正常关闭录音设备"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
      }
      else
      {
          MessageBox(NULL,CString("非正常关闭录音设备"),CString("提示"),MB_OK);
          return 0;
      }
  }

  return 0;
}
// ******************* End of File ************************

这里提供的代码有点杂乱，现已整理成一个小的接口，并提供了一个简单的示例，放在GitHub上：https://github.com/ibillxia/Demo/tree/master/DemoSpeechRecord

参考：
[1]MSDN: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd743586(v=vs.85).aspx
[2]基于API的录音机程序: http://www.vckbase.com/index.php/wv/664

Original Link: http://ibillxia.github.io/blog/2013/06/04/a-simple-code-for-wave-recording-using-windows-api/
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